Amnesia, the hallmark sign of concussion, can be retrograde amnesia (loss of memories that were formed before the injury) or anterograde amnesia (loss of memories formed post-injury). Symptoms of concussion can include a period of unconsciousness, vomiting, confusion, and visual disturbances. Having a concussion does not mean that the patient does not have another brain injury as well in fact, more serious brain trauma is almost always accompanied by concussion. Concussion may be a diffuse injury affecting all parts of the brain, caused by physical trauma that alters neuronal metabolism and excitability through molecular commotion. ![]() During this time, the brain needs extra nutrients and is especially sensitive to inadequate blood flow.ĭamage to cranial nerves and other white matter tracts may be temporary or permanent. ![]() More severe impacts or the forces associated with rapid acceleration/deceleration may not be absorbed by this cushion.Ĭoncussion is considered a type of diffuse brain injury (as opposed to focal brain injury), meaning that the dysfunction occurs over a more widespread area of the brain.Įxcitatory neurotransmitters are released as the result of the traumatic injury and cause the brain to enter a state of hypermetabolism which can last for 7 to 10 days. The brain floats within the skull surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), one of the functions of which is to protect the brain from normal light "trauma", e.g., being jostled in the skull by walking, jumping, etc., as well as mild head impacts.
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